Armature for dynamo-electric machines



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

S. H. SHORT. ARMATURE FOR DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES. No. 473,363.

Patented Apr. 19, 1892.

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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 S. H. SHORT. ARMATURE FOR DYNAMO ELECTRIC)MACHINES. No. 473,363.

Patented Apr. 19, 1892.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

SIDNEY H. SHORT, OF CLEVELAND, OI'IIO.

ARMATURE FOR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 473,363, dated April19, 1892.

Application filed June 10,1891. Serial No. 395,770. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, SIDNEY H. SHORT, of Cleveland, in the county ofOuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Armatures for Dynamo-Electrical Machines; and I dohereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact descriptionof the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to whichit appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to the arrnatures of dynamo-electric machines foruse as generators or as motors; and it has more particular reference toarmaturesin which the cores are composed of one or more iron ribbonswound upon a foundation-ring of suitable magnetic metal; but each of theimprovements constituting said invention is included for all the uses towhich it may be adapted.

In accordance with the first part of the invention the armature isprovided with airpassages between the core and the bobbins of insulatedwire. The invention extends to the use of such passages with a coregenerally, whether the said core be solid orconsists of a laminated orsimilar core. The passages aid in keeping the armature cool. They may beformed by bridge-pieces or blocks within the bobbin-wire, or they may becut in the core after the same is made, but are preferably leftin themanufacture. In the case of the core formed from ribbon they are mostconveniently made by using for the intermediate part of thearmature-ribbon somewhat 'narrower than the adjaceutportions of thecore, so that the insulated wire extends across said intermediate partswithout touching. This construction constitutes a special feature ofinvention.

In accordance with a second part of the invention the core is providedbetween the bobbins (or bobbin-places) with teeth or projectionsintegral with the core, which do not extend across the face of the core,but occupy a portion only of the width. They may be and preferably areabout square in cross-section; but they may be of other shape. Theyretain the bobbin in place on the core and act as filling-pieces betweenthem, so that these may be wound more easily upon the core, (especiallyon cores of the ring type,) and in the finished machine are keptseparate. The separation of bobbins conduces to coolness of the armaturein running, particularl y if the intermediate spaces not occupied by theteeth or projections aforesaid are left vacant, as they preferably are,since the armature is thus more exposed to the cooling influence of theair. This feature of vacant spaces is speciallyincluded in theinvention, Which extends, l'ievertheless, generally to the armatureprovided with the teeth or projections, as aforesaid. Ileretofore teethor projections have been formed integral with the armature core andextending across the face of the same; but these teeth, particularly inelectric generators, tend to induce sparking by the constant shifting ofthe lines of force which follow the passage of said teeth. By reducingthe teeth or projections, as aforesaid, the disturbance is lessened andthe machine made smoother-running. Teeth or projections of non-magneticmaterial could be employed in order to avoid the disturbance beforementioned and at the same time secure the advantages above specified;but these teeth or projections not being integral with the core are moreexpensive to provide and are apt to be less secure. If desired, as inthe case, say, of a very wide-faced armature, there may be two or morerows of such teeth. In an electrical machinein which the field-poles arepresented to the sides of the armature the placing of these teeth at ornear the outer edge of the armature not only brings them into positionto hold the bobbins in place where the greatest tendency to displacementis encountered, but adapts them to pull, as it were, the magnetic fieldto the outer part of the armature, which is desirable in order toprevent the direct passage of stray lines of force across the inside ofthe armature without passing through the same. The foregoing advantagesare secured to a greater or less extent, irrespective of the use of asolid or of a laminated or similar core. The use of teeth occupyingafraction onlyof the armature-face has, moreover, this special advantageover the use of teeth extending its entire width in the case of alaminated core having teeth formed by milling notches in the said c0renamely, that no work is necessary in finishin g a part of thearmature-faces and that the labor of milling is diminished, as only ashort disbetween the core and bobbins, as above set forth. The presenceof the teeth over a part only of the armature-faces gives, however, afree opening between said air-passages and the external air at the otherparts of the face.

In accordance with a third part of the invention the'armature-coreisprovided. with protecting-surfaces beyond the bobbins, so that shouldthe armature strike against the field-poles, as may happen in the case,say, of the propelling-motors of electric locomotives, the said surfacesmake, the contact with the opposing surfaces, receive-the wear, andprevent, injury to the bobbins. These surfaces are conveniently formedby ends of the teeth whichprojectbeyond-the bobbins. Thisfunction maybeperformed by teeth, as above specified, or bythe ordinary teeth,extending across the armature-face. It is not essential thattheprotecting-sit rfaces shouldbe of magnetic ma- .terial. They might beformed by the ends of non-magnetic blocks or separators.

The invent-ion also comprises the particular constructions,combinations, and arrangements of parts, as hereinafter set forth.

In the accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification,Figure I is a longitudinal sect-ion-th rough a dynamo-electric m a.-chine having anarmature in accordance with the-present invention. Fig.II is a side View of the armature,- with a part of thebobbins removed.Fig. III is a perspective-view illus-- trating the winding of thearmature-core. Figs. IV and V are views in side elevationandcross-section, respectively, illustrating an armature-core, inaccordance with the invention;with adouble row of teeth or projections;and Fi 'g VI is a longitudinal section of a drumearmature in accordancewith the in ven-' tion.

In the form of machine shown, Figsl to V, the. fieldsmagnets A arepresented to the sides of the armature. The armaturefcomprisesafoundation ring 13, of suitable magnetic metal, which is" groovedcircumferentially on the inside, as shown at 2, and a laminated body 0,composedot soft-iron ribbon wound upon-itself and confined by the rivets3,1which pass through the. different convolutions of the ribbon andthrough the foundation-ring, These rivets are bare, and a single row ofthem-is placedaround the armature in the, center or on a line of equalpotential, (having reference, to the eddy-currents,) so as to avoidmakingcircuits in the armature-core. The. ribbon at theperiphery of thering is made wider than at the interior portions,.so that the margins-4(see Fig. III) will extend beyondthe: said inner portions, and thesemargins aremilled at 5, so as to leave teeth 6 at the said periphery.These teeth maybe deeper or not so deep, (the depth being measuredradially ofthe armature-ring,) accordingto'therelative amounts of thewider and Y narrower ribbon used in making the core. The preferred depthis as shown in SOIld lines, Fig. II, deeper teeth (which may be used)being indicated in dotted lines at 6 1n said figure. The bobbinsD arewound in the spaces 5 and around the rest of the core, one or morebobbinsoccupying each of these spaces. It will be observed'that thegrooves 2 may be in communication with the outside air through thespaces 7 between the bobbins and the teeth or projections 6, whichspaces are left vacant. In Figs. IV and V the wider ribbon s used in theintermediate part of the armature for a short distance, so as to form(when slotted) a second row of teeth 6".

The narrowerpart of the ribbon may be of the same width as the distanceacross the foundation-ring and thewiderparts between the notches 5; butit is shown asv somewhat narrower, so as to leave air-passages 8 betweenthe core and. the bobbins. These alrpassages are infree communicationwiththe outer air through the spaces? between bobbins in adjacentnotches 5;. By startingwith a ribbon of proper width. it-is unnecessaryto dress the. faces of the core, except in the notches 5, which, beingshort, are easily-milled and finished.

The armature is mounted and connected with the'commutator. in anyordinary-or suitable way. As shown, the arms 9 ofv a spider D fit intransverse grooves in the inside of the foundation-ring, and screws 10,inserted through the core, aretapped into-these arms. Thespiderconstitutes the hub. of thearmat-ure-shaft.

In Fig..V I thelaminated core is made of plates,,some of'whichqare'larger in diameter than the others,and. the projectingmargins of these are slotted to leave teeth 6"., be'- tween which thebobbinrwireiswound. These teeth 6 projects beyond-the-bobbins, (asadoalso they teeth. 6, 6", and 6-,) sothat shouldthe armature make contactwith thepoles the ends of the teeth. make contacttherewithand protectthebobbins.

The operation and mode of using the new or improved machinehereindescribed being similar to dynamo-electric machines; in. use and; theparticular differences having been already explained, those skilled inthe art will need no further description in; order to make and use thesame. The armature. is practically smoother than toothed armaturesheretofore devised, thus avoiding sparking,

and. it also runs cooler.

The ribbon before describedneedlnot be-in one pieceof metal, but wouldordinarily be composed of a. number. of lengths; fastened together. attheends. Itisnot necessary'that it should. be. a continuous strip,although-that is preferred.

Having fully described my inventiomwhat I claim asnew, anddesire tosecure by Letters Patent, is

1. An armature for dynamo-electric machines, comprising afoundation-ring grooved circumferentially on its inner periphery and alaminated core,a portion of the folds of which are of less width thanthat of the foundation-ring, and bobbins of insulated wire encirclingthe foundation-ring and laminated core, substantially as set forth.

2. A ring armature for dynamo-electric machines, consisting of alaminated core, the inner and outer periphery of which projectslaterally from the central portion of the core, thereby forming ann ulargrooves in the opposite faces of the laminated core, and bobbins ofinsulated conductor encircling the core, substantially as set forth.

3. An armature for a dynamo-electrical machine, having a laminated corewhose intermediate parts are of narrower material than the adjacentparts surrounded by the bobbins, so as to leave air-passages between thesaid core and the bobbins thereon,substantially as described.

4. An armature for dynamo-electrical machines, consisting of a laminatedcore having projections formed integral with a portion of the outerfolds of the core, forming teeth which extend only partly across theopposite faces or sides of its core, and bobbins of insulated conductorencircling the core, substantially as set forth.

5. An armature for a dynamo-electrical machine, comprising a core havingteeth or projections formed integral with the core andextendingfromitsperipheryonlypartlyacross its side or face, incombination with a foundation-ring and bobbins, the construction beingsuch as to form air-spaces between the bobbins and the outer planesurface of the core, substantially as set forth.

6. An armature for a dynamo-electrical machine, comprising a laminatedcore having a number of adjacent convolutions of one width of ribbon anda number of convolutions of Wider ribbon notched to form teeth,substantially as described.

7. An armature for a dynamo-electrical machine, comprising, inconnection with the bobbins of insulated wire, a laminated core having anumberof adjacent convolutions of ribbon of a width not exceeding thedistance across the armature between the bobbins and a number ofconvolutions of wider ribbon notched to form teeth, substantially asdescribed.

8. An armature for a dynamo-electrical machine, comprising, inconnection with bobbins of insulated wire, a laminated core havingconvolutions of ribbon of a width less than the distance between thebobbins, and convolutions of wider ribbon notched to form teeth,substantially as described.

9. An armature for dynamo-electrical machines, comprising, in connectionwith bobbins of insulated wire, a foundation ring groovedcircumferentially on the inside, and a laminated core composed of ribbonof a width less than the distance between the bobbins and also of widerribbon notched to form teeth, the air-passages between the bobbins andthe narrower ribbon and the grooves inside the foundation-rin g beingboth in communication with the outside air through the spaces betweenthe bobbins separated by said teeth, substantially as described.

10. An armature for a dynamo-electrical machine, having beyond thebobbins projecting surfaces, which by contact with the poles may keepthe bobbins from contact therewith, substantially as described.

11. An armature for a dynamo-electrical machine, having on the coreteeth or projections integral with said core and projecting beyond thebobbins toward the field-poles to protect the bobbins from contacttherewith, substantially as described.

12. An armature-core consisting of a continuous strip of ribbon woundinto superimposed layers and a row of bare or naked rivets or pinsextending through such layers and located on a line of equipotential,substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

S. H. SHORT.

Witnesses:

JOHN 0. Down, A. B. )ALHoUN.

